Friday, January 22, 2010

Diagnosing And Troubleshooting Computer Hardware

What is Hardware?

Are these terms familiar to you? Monitor, RAM, CD drive, CPU, graphic cards are all hardware, or more accurately, computer hardware. These components make up a computer, working together with computer software to make a computer work.

Simply put, hardware is the tangible parts of your computer, parts you can touch, feel and so on.

Hardware Failures

As mentioned before, hardware and software work together to form a fully functional system, theoretically. However, rarely do you get a fully functional system all the time. There will almost certainly be malfunction of hardware, be it within the electronic circuits or even the whole component itself. Sometimes, the originating factor of the hardware failure is not the components of the system itself, but due to outside factors such as environmental disasters like fire, earthquakes and lightning storm.

Recovery of failed hardware components is not a big problem by itself. It is basically identifying and replacing the problematic component. However, hardware failures are most deadly, when it affects daily routine and affecting critical personal or business data. This is especially true of the most important component of a computer system when it comes to storage of data, the hard disk.

The following is a list of common hardware failures:
RAM Failures
Power Connector
Hard Disk
Overheating
LCD Failures
Motherboard
USB Box


RAM Failures

Bad RAM is somehow harder to diagnose as similar symptoms may be caused by software problems, other hardware problems or even motherboard failure. However if you experience any of these symptoms, users should check for bad RAM before attempting any other troubleshooting.

Symptoms:
Windows doesn't start showing different error messages each time.
Windows crashes (blue screen) or freezes frequently.
Windows crashes as soon as you try to start a program.
Unexplained random crashes and freezes without error messages.

Power Adaptor

The common weak spot on any laptop is the DC power jack. If someone trips over the power adapter cable while it is still connected to the laptop, there is a high possibility that the power jack will get severely damaged.

On most laptops, the DC power jack is soldered directly to the motherboard and there are only three or four small pins holding it in place, which makes the power jack rather weak. Any sideways pulling of the DC power cord while attached to the laptop will usually dislodge at least one of these pins, breaking the solder around it. Modern laptops use quite a lot of power, from about 70W to 120W or even more. The bad electrical connection from the dislodged pin will cause sparks and heating that will eventually burn a hole through the motherboard and can even be a fire hazard.

Symptoms which indicates poor contact between the DC power jack and the motherboard:

The battery is not charging properly or stays at half charge despite having to use the power adaptor.
The screen flickers (the brightness is changing) while the power cord is plugged in. This is caused by the laptop switching between DC power (screen is brighter) and battery power (screen is dimmer).
The DC plug gets hot after a few minutes of use and may even smell of burning.
There are "scratching" sounds coming from the DC jack.


How to test for broken power jack:
1. Remove the battery
2. Plug in the power cord
3. Start the laptop
4. Gently wiggle the DC power plug on the back of the laptop

If the laptop shuts down abruptly (looses power), find the dealer to re-solder or change the DC power jack as soon as possible as the motherboard has already started to burn around the dislodged pins. The manufacturer might offer to replace the whole motherboard; however the price of a new motherboard together with the labor charge for installing it will usually cost more than the current value of that laptop and sometimes can the pricing can cost over a thousand dollars.

Replacing or re-soldering the DC power jack is not an easy job. It usually takes a few hours depending on the damage and the model of the laptop. To reach the power jack, the laptop has to be completely disassembled and have the motherboard taken out. Then if the board around the dislodged pin is badly burned, the power jack has to be un-soldered and the board has to be patched.

After that a different power jack has to be installed, attached to the case of the laptop and connected with wires to the motherboard, as the patched board wouldn't be strong enough to support the original type of power jack that was soldered directly to the board.

Hard Disk

Hard disk failures are the most common computer hardware problems. And laptop hard disks fail more often than desktop hard disks due to the portability of a laptop as compared to the rather stagnant laptop. If user knock hard or drop the laptop even a few inches while the hard disk is being accessed or powered up, damage can be done to the hard disk.

Symptoms:

The laptop starts as usual but when Windows starts to load it goes to blue screen with either "UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME", "hal.dll is missing or corrupt" or "WINDOWSSYSTEM32CONFIGSYSTEM" (or similar) is missing or corrupt. All these error messages indicate a file system problem. Sometimes it can be fixed by just scanning the hard disk for errors. However more than half of these cases indicate that the hard disk is starting to go bad and is probably developing bad sectors.
The laptop starts as usual but Windows freezes on the initial "Windows XP" screen, although the blue bar continues to move, and users are able to hear feint but continuous clicking. Hard disks have to be replaced.
As soon as the laptop is started there are loud clicks or grinding sounds and Windows doesn't load. Hard disks have to be replaced as well.
Shortly after starting the laptop a message appears (usually on a black screen) "SMART test failed. Backup your data immediately and replace the hard disk" or similar. Well, that says it all. S.M.A.R.T. is a self-test that is build into the hard disk.


In almost all cases the laptop can be started from a "live" bootable CD and everything works normal. In rare cases the hard disk PCB (printed circuit board) may get short circuited and even burn. In this scenario, the laptop won't start unless the hard disk is removed.

A good tool to use to check for hard disk lifespan is ADRC's hard disk checker. It will scan the hard disk for bad sectors and inform you if the drive is still of good usability.

Overheating

Overheating happens when inadequate airflow from outside the computer's case across the CPU and motherboard and back out of the case usually via the power supply fan and other case fans.

Once the airflow is disrupted, heat builds up rapidly within the case. This causes components to either shutdown, if such protection is built in or performs erratically. Over the long term, overheating can irreversible damage components.

It is also advisable to keep the computer in a dry and shaded room, which is clean and little dust.

LCD Failures

The most common LCD or "Liquid Crystal Display" screen failure is the inverter, cable and backlight.

Symptoms:

The laptop appears to start as usual but the screen is black, if users move it, it turns on and works properly. Failed cable.
The laptop appears to start as usual but the screen is very dark, although it changes colour a little and users can see a very feint image. Failed inverter or cable 90%/10%.
Immediately after starting the screen has dark pink/red tint and turns dark after a few seconds. Failed backlight.
The screen flickers a few times but then turns dark, if users move it or tap it lightly on the sides, it flickers again. Failed cable or LCD 50%/50%.
Screen is either black or white (no picture) and external monitor works. Failed cable or LCD 30%/70%.
There are stripes on the screen (either vertical or horizontal) that change when users move the screen or tap it lightly on the sides. Failed cable or LCD 10%/90%.

Motherboard

Most motherboard related failures are due to the "On-board" regulated supplies and component failure within those circuits. The on-board power supply circuit had partially failed and was overloading subsequent components else the problem would be with the capacitors which are defective in the first place.

A motherboard failure on a laptop that is out of warranty would usually mean that it's time for a new laptop. The price of a new motherboard is usually higher than the current value of the laptop.

Symptoms:

Plug in the power adaptor and try to start the laptop.

Nothing happens.
The "ON" light comes on, the fan spins, but nothing on the screen (black) and you can't hear the HD working after 10-15 sec.
The "ON" light comes on, the fan spins, but after a few seconds the light goes off.
After pressing the "ON" button the screen stays black and you can hear a quiet high-pitched sound coming from the laptop.


Corrupted or improper device drivers and operating system

Invalid or corrupt device drivers can wreck havoc on a server, rendering the system unbootable in some cases. Device drivers may also conflict with certain application programs and cause problems with the computer system.

As Windows Vista has just made its launch, chances are some hardware is not supported or not supported fully by the new operating system.

Also, system updates, driver updates can also fix your "hardware" problems.

See updating and fixes

Also, it helps (occasionally) to call the respective support service for help on the driver that is with that particular hardware.

Controller Failure:

A controller failure can act much like a drive failure. However, when a drive fails, users cannot access that particular drive; when a controller fails, users cannot get access to all the drives, devices and any other components that is attached to that particular controller.

A controller fails because a component or components on the on the controller board fails. When users trying to boot the system, they cannot switch on, view, access, or even get hardware conflict messages.

Controller failure occurs due to one of the following reasons:

Devices/components not connected properly
Verify that the cables are properly connecting the device /component to the controller

If the component fits into a slot, see that the it is flushed in and not loosely connected.


Devices/components not setup properly
Verify that the devices/components is being properly detected and setup in the respective controller setup screen

Bad connectors
Replace the bad connectors with new working ones

Bad components
Replace the component

Bad interface board or motherboard
It is recommended that these components be replaced or that the computer be sent in for servicing

Hardware Failure: The big issue

The big problem, as mentioned earlier, is not replacing or repairing the non-functional hardware, but the time lost, interruptions to daily routine (especially for businesses), and the loss of critical data. If you need a running system at all times, have a backup system as a fail safe, or even two. If users want to ensure that none of their critical data is lost in the event of a hardware problem with their computer, there is only one way to do it -- Back up the data as often as possible.

There are many different ways to ensure that the data is backed up, and as technology becomes advances, back up methods become much simpler.

Let's look for a moment at what a back up is. Backing up of computer files means that users are making a copy of the data that will be stored somewhere other than on the computer. Everyone should always have a back up of at least the most important files, because should anyone experience a hardware problem, they could still be able to access the files.

Many people don't back up their files, because they don't know what they need to back up. Start with those files that cannot easily be recreated. Then, move on to files to which you make frequent changes just in case you accidentally change something that you shouldn't have. Back up your music collection - because this can be quite expensive to replace in the event of data loss.

In general, best practice is to back up the files at least monthly and more frequently if users access the files regularly.
Chee Ning is currently employed as a web administrator and support staff, at Adroit Data Recovery Centre's laboratory, which is located in Singapore's Science Hub.

With the necessary tools, parts and experience, ADRC strives to spread the word about data recovery, and help people recover data which means so much to them. - Adroit Data Recovery Centre Pte Ltd

Thursday, December 24, 2009

Point of Sale Hardware - Your Own Branded Point of Sale Terminal

A CPU, motherboard and memory will form the PC unit of the POS Hardware bundle, with the combination of POS input device like POS keyboard, smart card or credit card reader and barcode scanner; and output device, like customer pole display, LCD screen or touch screen, and receipt printer, all bundle together to form a proper Point of Sale machine.

Most POS vendor would provide PC POS solution to their customer for the low cost and high availability of hardware replacement. However, this would open the opportunity for other vendors to compete, although you can get any components easily, but your customer will be able to look for the same source, and they will not rely on you to provide the support and services.

The better solution is using a point of sale terminal, a truly integrated solution with proper hardware mounting, all 3 units are tightly integrated together, saving spaces and eliminates the messy wiring! Most of the integrated POS terminals are expensive, the needs of better and cheaper solutions are in the market.

Types of Point of Sale Hardware Systems

Retail POS Hardware and Restaurant POS Hardware are almost the same, but differentiate by the touch screen and software that manage the business. See below for detail description.

Retail Point of Sale Hardware and System

For single terminal, only 1 set of POS hardware needed, including a proper LCD display, the CPU unit, pole display, receipt printer, barcode scanner, card reader and POS keyboard. For multiple terminals, additional PC server will be needed to consolidate all sales data and provide more sophisticate reporting to management.

Restaurant Point of Sale Hardware and System

There are two main components in restaurant pos hardware and system, the front desk and the back kitchen. The front desk will have a touch screen pos system that receive order and send the order to the back kitchen, and a receipt printer at the kitchen will print the order for the chef.

Depending on the software design, some will support remote data transferring back to the HQ for sales consolidation and control.

Cheap Point of Sale Hardware

One of the best ways to get an integrated point of sale terminal is through used hardware. Some vendors or POS hardware store might have such a solution, however, used point of sale hardware is always a bit old and outdated, might not be suitable to run the new software, and you might need to live with the older software and using the older management method provided by the software!

Do you know that EInspire POStar series with a matching price of normal PC POS, also allows you to rebrand the machine together with your point of sale solution? Not only provide the professional sense and compactness, it help you promote your brand in the market with a minimum price!

Quickbooks Point of Sale Hardware

POStar series are fully compatible with Quickbooks point of sale hardware requirement, and the customizable touch screen allows you to extend your market from retail into restaurant, food and beverages industries, and you can easily rebrand the hardware to your own name.
If you want rebrandable POS hardware solution for your company, feel free to visit our website: http://www.e-inspirecomputer.com, we provides all kind of customizable Point of Sale Terminal at the very affordable price, visit our website: POS Terminal for more information.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=John_Polish

Decorative Cabinet Hardware (i.e. Handles And Knobs For The Rest Of Us)

Adding or replacing decorative cabinet hardware is one of the easiest facelifts you could possibly do for your cabinets.

If your cabinets are in pretty good shape, and not too dated, changing pulls or knobs is an easy thing to do. You'll need to invest $100 to $300 on average to replace all the pulls and knobs in your kitchen (figuring 25-30 or so pulls or knobs).

If you cabinets look really old, brand new decorative cabinet hardware might stand out like a sore thumb. Depending on the situation, though, you could add rustic pulls or knobs to your cabinets, and they'd still look good (and would fit right in).

Your cabinets might also just need a good cleaning to get them sparkling again.

If you are starting fresh, and don't already have pull or knob holes in your doors or drawer fronts (good for you!), the choices are almost endless. You can get 3" center pulls, or knobs, or 96mm, or 128mm, or just about anything you want.

Keep in mind though, that handles with 3" centers are the most common decorative cabinet hardware that there is. If you ever want to change handles in the future, there will certainly be tons of choices. If you go with, say 128mm handles, your future choices for handles will be limited, because you'll have to get 128mm handles again. Also, these handles are larger (longer) than normal, so cost more. For example, a 128mm handle in stainless steel could cost $13 or more, where the same handle with a 3" center could be $5 or less. Finish is also a factor in your cost. Stainless steel will cost much more than a nickel finish, but will look almost identical.

Replacing What You've Got

If you already have pulls, knobs (or both) then you must keep that in mind when choosing hardware. You have some alternatives, but you may be limited.

If you have pulls, measure the distance from mid-point to mid-point of each hole. This will give you the size pull you will need. You will often find they are 3" centers.

If they are 3" centers, you are in luck, because you will find most styles of decorative cabinet hardware are available with 3" centers.

If you have a measurement other than 3", you can look for that size. It may be difficult to find pulls that fit those holes. If you do find something in that measurement, it might not be the style you like.

What You Can Do if You Have Odd Sized Holes or Need to Cover the Holes Left by Previous Handles

Add a back-plate to your door or drawer front before you put your pull or knob on. You can simply drill new holds that work for your new handles (usually 3/8" holes are what you need to drill, sometimes 1/4"). In this way, no one will see the old holes because they will be covered up by the back-plate.

Another easy alternative is to put two knobs where the pull holes were. With this option, you are only limited in the knob's diameter. You will want to make sure the knobs aren't so big that they will be touching each other when you put them on.

STYLE! What's available in Decorative Cabinet Hardware?

Recent years have seen a surge in sleek, new styling. There are literally thousands of styles of pulls, knobs, and back-plates to choose from.

Anything from contemporary to rustic, colored or clear glass to solid brass.

You will also find several choices in theme-based hardware. There are several choices for children's rooms, hunting themes, fishing, bugs, butterflies, frogs, and stones to name a few.

There are even pulls out there (from Amerock) that look like knives, forks, and spoons.

Popular Finishes to Choose from Include:

Oil Rubbed Bronze

Polished Brass or Chrome

Brushed, Satin, or Sterling Nickel

Brushed Brass

Flat Black

Antique English (a bronze looking finish)

Wrought Iron

Weathered Nickel

Rustic Bronze

Burnished Bronze

Copper

Pewter

Stainless Steel

Champagne

Anodized Aluminum

Ceramic and Ceramic Crackle Finishes (be careful - ceramic looks nice, but will crack very easily)

There are several other decorative cabinet hardware finishes to choose from too, including solid colors and several actual woods, finished and unfinished.

Some brand names that manufacture good and reasonably priced hardware include:

Amerock

Belwith-Keeler

Epco

Stanley

Wood Technology

What's This Going to Cost?

The cost will vary as much as how many styles are out there.

You might find small knobs for as little as $2.00 or less a piece.

Several pulls fall into the $3.00 to $6.00 range for each pull.

If you are going for a contemporary, sleek European style, where the pulls can be as long as 12" or more, you may pay $25.00 or more for each pull.

Some glass knobs and pulls can also run you into some money, from the low teens to as high as $40.00 each.

Pulls for appliances (appliance pulls - that are used if you have a wooden insert over your appliance and basically need a handle for it) can be quite costly as well, over $20.00 on up (but they are very large and long).

Reminder

Be sure to count each door and drawer front you have, twice. You'd be upset with yourself if you ordered your pulls or knobs online or made a special trip to the hardware store, just to find you are short one pull or knob! It's been done!!

Where to Get Decorative Cabinet Hardware

Online is a very convenient place to get hardware. Home improvement stores carry decorative cabinet hardware, but it may actually cost you more to get hardware there, and they won't have as big of a selection as online stores.

You may even be lucky enough to find just what you're looking for at your local thrift store. If you can, you'll no doubt save money, but most likely won't get good quality products.

Amerock hardware (and almost every good company has this guarantee for many of their hardware products), has several handles and knobs that have what they call their Guardian Finish. It is a lifetime guarantee on your hardware finish to never tarnish, or they replace the hardware free of charge.

If you enjoy garage-saling or auctions, you may find something there. Usually though, when you use those types of venues, you will be very limited in your choices and only find a few of what you need.

In my experience, the best place to purchase hardware is either online or at your local home-center. If you really want to see and feel your handles before you purchase them, go to your home-center and pick something out. If you have the time, write down who manufactures the hardware, its product number, and then check out prices on the internet. You'll no doubt find the same product for less over the internet.

Bottom Line: Get what you Love

The possibilities for decorate cabinet hardware are endless. Look for hardware that is not only practical and will last a long time, but that you also fall in love with and enjoy!!

And remember - HAVE A HAPPY KITCHEN!!
About the Author:
Crystal co-owned a custom cabinet shop for 14 years (1992-2006). She is now a stay-at-home mom who writes on the web, sharing all that she's learned from her years building and installing kitchen cabinets.

Door Hardware - An Overview Of Door Hardware In The 21 Century

The façade of your house is your image to the rest of the world. From the color of the paint to your style of siding, how your lawn is kept or the door hardware you use. When someone comes to the door they can be greeted by a myriad of entry possibilities.

Be it your exterior door hardware or your interior it counts toward style points with your guests and shows your taste and what kind of person you are. From pocket door hardware and sliding door hardware to garage door hardware. The one key exception is in regards to pocket door hardware.

Pocket door hardware is functional and has no bearing on physical appearance. The pocket door hardware includes rails of metal or plastic with rollers or casters that allows the door to glide into and out of an extended wall on either side to seal off a room. The pocket door hardware can be cheap or expensive. The expensive side allows your doors to remain steady and glide shut easily whereas the cheaper will have you seeing your door sag and be tougher to pull shut.

The inlay handles are the one part of pocket door hardware that is decorative. You can get them in silver, gold and plastic. The metal pocket door hardware is able to be etched or engraved which is recommended if you want some style.

Sliding door hardware is slightly less hard to get hold of than that of pocket doors. Their located near the back of the house, leading out to the pool or the deck. The sliding door hardware is primarily a sturdy plastic but it doesn’t have to be. It can be replaced with metal of aluminum or you can go high hog and get silver or gold.

Does the sliding door hardware keep the door snug to frame or away from it? Does it hang, suspended or firmly attached? Does the sliding door hardware allow your door to glide softly or squeak in pain when you close it? Choose sliding door hardware based on these thoughts as well as money you wish to spend.

Garage door hardware is often times overlooked, but depending on your style of house it’s one of the first things people see when coming to visit. Besides the usual garage door hardware we have to have such as a motor, metal beams and the sort. They’re useful to shop for when you need your door to close smoothly but the look doesn’t matter as long as it functions.

The exterior garage door hardware, like the sliding door or pocket door is overlooked. Choosing from handles of aluminum, gold or silver or simple twist knobs to turn and pull open the door also in the styled metals.

The real style points come from the exterior door hardware. Choosing from gold or silver, from knobs to push unlocks. The choices are varied and can sometimes be hard to decide on. Besides the regular door hardware you can select to have knockers affixed along with your door knobs for added flare. This door hardware is not only fun but classical. The lion’s head is a popular favorite but your regular etched door hardware as a knocker will work just as well and be eye-catching.
Rob Hargreaves - An American Locksmith working for NYC Locksmith Company, Mr-Locks Inc. For more information on installation and repairs of security doors, interior doors, exterior doors, call Mr-Locks now.

Tuesday, May 26, 2009

ADA Compliance and Security Hardware

Are you aware of the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? Signed into law on July 26 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act is a wide-ranging legislation intended to make American Society more accessible to people with disabilities. What does this act mean to you? As the owner of business property or the operator of a business, you need to know that ADA regulations stipulate any place of business, regardless of size or number of employees, both public and private, must provide equal access and "reasonable accommodations" for both the general and disabled public. Basically if the potential exists for a customer to ever visit your facility, you need to be in compliance.

The act has no grandfather clauses, it stipulates, that in existing structures, barriers to entry or services must be removed if “technically feasible.” Cost is not a factor in determining whether an action would be technically feasible.

ADA is civil rights law, and provides for fines and/or private lawsuit or enforcement by the Department of Justice. If any private party or group feels you have discriminated against them by denying access, the government will help them sue you.

Security and door hardware manufacturers provide a variety of products designed to help you comply. The advent of the lever lockset is almost totally due to ADA, other products include, power assisted or automatic door operators, keyless entry systems, and egress systems that require no physical action to exit. These products and systems make it possible to bring almost any entry into compliance. Your professional locksmith or other security professional is experienced in the selection and installation of this specialized hardware. They understand the complexities of the ADA regulations, as they relate to hardware. Contact them for an audit of your facility to determine your needs for ADA compliance.

The American with Disabilities Act cannot be ignored, if a lawsuit, even an unfounded one is brought against you, the cost of defending yourself can be substantial.

For more information go to:

U.S. Department of Justice,

Americans with Disabilities Act

ADA Home Page

http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm

Jim Newell

Jim Newell a Security Professional and Consultant for over 35 years, operates a web site who's mission is to bring you information about security systems , security devices and security hardware. To help you to make informed and educated decisions about securing your personal property, your home and your business property.

Help Choosing Door and Window Hardware

Who would be the best person to help you find suitable fixtures and fittings for doors and windows?

Architects are trained to create designs that are structurally sound, functional, and aesthetically pleasing. They also often have a basis knowledge of construction materials, though not the detailed knowledge required when choosing appropriate hardware.

Interior designers specialize in the decorating and furnishing of rooms and can offer fresh, innovative ideas and advice, but will be concentrating on the appearance rather than how the fittings work.Maybe a blacksmith or metal worker would be the person to ask.. No, a joiner is the best person to give advise.

Joiners understand what is needed, they have made doors and windows and know how big a hinge would be needed to hold the weight of a solid oak door, or which lock would fit properly and safely in rebated french windows. Advise is often needed as good quality hardware can be expensive. You need to get the right thing, before cutting holes in your precious doors and windows.

Architectural Ironmongery Ltd is run by trained joiners with over getting on for 90 years of joinery knowledge and experience between the three of them. They are happy to discuss restoration projects with their customers, giving advise when necessary. The retail and mail order business is based in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, England, but ships world wide and has a huge amount and variety of hardware in stock. http://www.arciron.com

About The Author

Ali Arnold is a tutor and company secretary for Architectural Ironmongery Ltd, who are specialists in door and window hardware for period properties, this very knowledgable company is always happy to give advise when required. visit their site at http://www.arciron.com

Door Hardware - the Focal Point of the Home

The door is the focal point of the home which is why door hardware is so important, creating a striking first impression as well as securing your property against intruders.

The right door fittings and locks will enhance your property both by adding to its value, keeping it secure and improving its appearance There is a huge range of door hardware available that has been made to suit all types of home.

Brassart produces a range of door and window furniture suitable for castles,palaces and other such gand buildings.As you can see from their name they mostly produce solid brass hardware, however they will supply ironmongery in gold plated brass. They also produce door hardware specially to suit the period of the building.

For those with smaller homes Kirkpatricks produce ranges of antique black iron and flat black iron which look perfect in a log house or country cottage.This company were established in 1855, still making much of their ironmongery using the same moulds and methods that were used then. Giving a really authentic feel to their products.

It is surprising that even listed buildings are allowed to spoil their facades by fitting totally inappropriate door and window hardware, when there are plenty of excellent examples of period ironmongery available, many made in exactly the same way, using the same moulds as the original ones.

Many cheap imported versions may look initially appropriate, but the feel and weight gives a different impression, also the finishes don't stand up to the rigours of the British climate.

Have a look through our online catalogue and see what is available

About The Author

Ali Arnold is a tutor and company secretary for Architectural Ironmongery Ltd, who are specialists in door and window hardware for period properties, this very knowledgable company is always happy to give advise when required.

Visit their site at http://www.arciron.com